Hereditary High Cholesterol: How to Know the Signs
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in the cells of our bodies. It plays a vital role in various bodily functions, like hormone production and the formation of cell membranes. However, there’s such a thing as too much or too little, and either end of the spectrum can pose serious health risks. Thankfully, there are several ways to manage cholesterol, even if you were born with hereditary high cholesterol and feel the odds are stacked against you.
What is Genetic Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is is classified into two types: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol – often referred to as "bad" cholesterol – and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol. LDL cholesterol is responsible for transporting cholesterol to cells, while HDL cholesterol helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Dangers of Too High and Too Low Genetic Cholesterol
Maintaining balanced cholesterol levels is crucial for overall health. Hereditary high cholesterol levels – especially elevated levels of LDL cholesterol – increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes. The excessive buildup of LDL cholesterol in the arteries can also lead to the formation of plaques, which narrows the blood vessels and impedes blood flow. On the other hand, having extremely low levels of cholesterol can also be problematic, as genetic cholesterol is essential for various bodily functions like hormone production and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
Is High Cholesterol Hereditary?
Yes, high cholesterol can have a hereditary component – a.k.a., hereditary high cholesterol. Genetic factors significantly influence cholesterol levels and how the body metabolizes and regulates genetic cholesterol. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder that causes very high levels of LDL cholesterol. People with FH have a mutated gene that affects the liver's ability to remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream, leading to its accumulation. This condition often results in premature heart disease and other cardiovascular complications.
Genetic High Cholesterol Symptoms
Recognizing genetic high cholesterol symptoms can aid in early detection and prompt medical intervention. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Yellowish deposits on the skin, particularly around the eyelids (xanthelasma).
- Development of yellowish bumps or growths on the knuckles, elbows, or knees (xanthomas).
- Early-onset heart disease (heart attacks or strokes), especially in people with a family history of cardiovascular problems.
It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional if you suspect genetic high cholesterol or are displaying genetic high cholesterol symptoms.
How to Maintain Healthy Cholesterol Levels
While genetic factors play a significant role in genetic high cholesterol symptoms, lifestyle choices and dietary habits can also have a substantial impact. Here are some effective strategies to help maintain healthy cholesterol levels:
- Balanced Diet
Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to ward off genetic high cholesterol symptoms. Limit the intake of saturated fats and trans fats, commonly found in fried and processed foods.
- Regular Exercise
Engage in physical activity for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week to battle hereditary high cholesterol. Regular exercise can help raise HDL cholesterol levels and promote overall cardiovascular health.
- Avoid Smoking
Smoking damages blood vessels and lowers HDL cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease. Quitting smoking can have a positive impact on genetic high cholesterol symptoms and overall health.
- Weight Management
Maintain a healthy weight and avoid genetic cholesterol problems through a combination of a balanced diet and regular exercise. Excess weight, particularly around the waistline, is associated with higher LDL cholesterol levels.
- Medication and Medical Monitoring
In cases of genetic high cholesterol or other cholesterol disorders, medications such as statins may be prescribed by healthcare professionals. Regular cholesterol screenings and check-ups are crucial for monitoring and managing cholesterol levels effectively.